Understanding Endometriosis: Causes and Risks

This video by Dr. Sarah Zielsdorf, MD, MS provides a comprehensive overview of endometriosis, a condition where uterine-like tissue grows outside the uterus. It details common locations, symptoms like premenstrual discomfort and dysmenorrhea, and the leading theory of retrograde menstruation. The video also highlights the diagnostic challenges and associated health risks, affecting a significant percentage of women.

Dr. Sarah Zielsdorf, MD, MS:  

I'm going to start with definitions. The definition of endometriosis is a condition where endometrium like tissue develops outside of the uterus. It usually affects the ovaries and paritinium that lining that supports and covers and protects all of the abdominal organs. It is an incurable illness which causes premenstrual discomfort and dismenoria painful cycles. However, I should say that some patients have endometriosis flares throughout their cycles year round. The most widely recognized explanation is that endometrial tissue is implanted in the peritineal cavity by retrograde or abnormally um abnormal backward menstruation.

Endometriotic lesions can also develop in other places including fallopian tubes, abdominal walls, bowels, cervix, bladder and vagina.

Endometriosis affects 10 to 15% of women of childbearing age. In women with chronic pelvic pain, that includes up to 70%. The risks of endometriosis include chronic pelvic pain, disparunia which is pain during intercourse, dismenorhea which are painful painful and difficult periods. They can be also heavy periods. Dysura which is pain during urination. Disasia which is is difficulty with defecation which may include pain, straining or frank obstruction and infertility. Unfortunately this condition which is very poorly known is only diagnosible with exploratory surgery. There are no biomarkers currently. Biomarker tests have been researched and have been held up over a decade from approval.

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